How to prepare geography for UPSC IAS

Recent development of Homo Habilis

Homo Habilis (Handi Man) Recent Development of Homo Habilis: While scientists used to think that H. Habilis was the ancestor of Homo Erectus, recent discoveries in 2000 of relatively late 1.44 million years old Homo Habilis and a relatively early 1.55 million years old H. Erectus from the same area of northern Kenya (Lake Turkana) challenged the conventional view that these species evolved one after the other. Instead, this evidence - along with other fossils - demonstrate that they coexisted in eastern Africa for almost a half million years. Structure: Homo Habilis, which means "handi man" is an extinct species of hominid that lived approximately 2.4 to 1.4 million years ago during the early Pleistocene epoch. Fossils of Homo Habilis was first discovered by L. S. B. Leaky in 1964. Homo Habilis is considered as the important transitional species in human evolution, as it represents a significant step in development of the Homo genus and the emergence of traits associate

Modern Indian History for UPSC IAS 2024

Class - 1 Sources for the history of Modern India: Introduction The records of the East India Company provide a detailed account of trading conditions during the period 1600-1857. When the British crown took over the administration, it also kept a large variety and volume of official records . These records help historians to trace every important development stage-by-stage and follow the processes of decision - making and the psychology of the policy-makers . The records of the other European East India companies (the Portuguese, Dutch and French) are also useful for constructing the history of the 17th and 18th centuries. Archival Materials 1. Central Government Archives The National Archives of India , located in New Delhi, contains most of the archives of the Government of India. These provide authentic and reliable source materials on varied aspects of modern Indian history. The records with the National Archives come under various groups, representing different branches

Physical and Cultural Features of Neanderthals

Physical Features : Classical and Progressive Neanderthals Increased Cranial capacity: The skull from Shanidar (Iraq) and Amud (Israel) have been estimated to upto 1700 to 1740 cc. Dolichocephalic skull - narrow and long Skull wall and brow ridges thick Heavy jaw, chin receding backward Dentition is parabolic with no diastema Sylurian fissure in brain signifies more developed brain with possibility of existence of language. However, pharynx is less developed. Some facial prognathism Strong femur with large head. Strong ribs, erect posture, foramen Magnum Geographical Distribution of Neanderthals: Cultural Characteristics of Neanderthals: Nousterian Culture: flake tools became more popular. The industry of these tools is found in Le Mouster, hence the name given to the culture, which is unique to Neanderthals. Strong social organisation: otherwise La Chappelle Aux man, as also handicapped Shanidar man could not have survived in old age without social support. Rituals : first direc

Self Preparation for UPSC IAS

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