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Short News for UPSC/PCS 2024

 World Leprosy Day:

28 January

Theme (2024) - Beat Leprosy

World Neglected Tropical Disease Day:

30 January

Theme (2024) - Unite, Act, Eliminate 

Commitment - Kigali Declaration of Neglected Tropical Disease 2022

INDIA- SAUDI ARABIA JOINT MILITARY EXERCISE 

‘SADA TANSEEQ’

Successful diversion of Chenab River achieved at Ratle Hydro Electric Project in J&K


Kanwar Lake:

  • Asia's largest fresh water oxbow lake and Bihar's only Ramsar site.
  • Also known as Kabartal lake.
  • It is formed due to meandering of Gandak river.
  • Major stopover Asian Flyway
  • 50 species documented in it.
  • 5 Critically Endangered species inhabit the site.
    • Red headed vulture (Sarcogyps Calvus)
    • White Rumped vulture (Gyps Bengalensis)
    • Indian Vulture (Gyps Indicus)
    • Two waterbirds:
      • Sociable Lapwing (Vanellus Gregarius)
      • Baer's Pochard (Aythea Baeri)
Indus River:
  • Indus:
    • Bokhar Chu Glacier, 
    • Between Ladakh and Zanskar Range
    • Gorge near Gilgit in J & K
    • Shyok, Gilgit, Zanskar, Hunza, Nubra, Shigar, Gasting, Dras
    • Right Bank - Khurram, Tochi, Gomal, Viboa, Sangar (All originate in the Sulaiman range)

  • Jhelum:
    • Verinag (Pir Panjal)
    • Flows through Srinagar and Wular Lake
    • Joins Chenab near Jhang in Pak
  • Chenab:
    • Largest tributary
    • Chandra and Bhaga streams
  • Ravi:
    • Rohtang pass in Kullu hills
    • Flows through Chamba valley
    • Join Chenab in Sarai Sindhu in Pak
  • Beas:
    • Beas Kund near Rohtang Pass
    • Flows through Kullu valley
    • Forms gorges at Dhauladhar Range
    • Meets Sutlej near Harike
  • Satluj:
    • Rakastal near Mansarovar lake, Langcheng Khambab (Tibet)
    • Flows almost parallel to the Indus
    • Passes through Shipki La 
    • Antecedent river
    • Feeds canal system of the Bhakhra Nangal Project

Joshimath:
  • Ganga river cuts through the Central and Lesser Himalaya in narrow gorges 
  • At Dev Prayag, Bhagirathi meets Alaknanda, hereafter known as Ganga
  • Alaknanda, Satopanth glacier above the Badrinath
  • Alaknanada, Dhauli and Vishnu Ganga meet at Joshimath or Vishnu Prayag
  • Alaknanda, Pindar at Karna Prayag
  • Alaknanda, Mandakini or Kali Ganga at Rudra Prayag
Yamuna River:
  • Left Bank Tributaries - Hindan, Rind, Sengar, Varuna etc.
    • Chambal: Origin - Mhow in Malwa Plateau, northwards, Kota - Gandhisagar dam, Badland topography
    • Gandak: two steams - Kaligandak & Trsulganga, rises between Dhaulagiri and Mt. Everest, Champaran distt., Ganga near Sonpur.
    •  Ghaghara: Mapchachungo glacier, Tributaries - Tila, Seti, Beri
    • Kosi: Forms Sapt Kosi with Arun river
    • Damodar: Tributaries - Barakar
    • Sarda or Saryu: rises in Milam glacier in Nepal (Goriganga), along border named Kali or Chauk where it joins Ghaghara. 

Brahmaputra River:

  • Left Bank - Burhi Dihing and Dhansari
  • Right Bank - Subansiri (Antecedent), Kameng, Manas and Sankosh
Peninsular River:
  • Mahanadi: 
    • Sihawa in Raipur, river basin lies (MP & Chh - 53%, Odisha - 47%)
    • Left bank - 
    • Right Bank - 
  • Godavari: Nashik, Basin - MH, MP, CHH, OD, AP
    • Penganga, Indravati, Pranhita, Manjra 
  • Krishna: 
    • Mahabaleswar in Sahyadri 
    • Koyana, Bhima, Tungabhadra
    • MH (27%), KR (47%), TEL, AP
    • Kolleru Lake:
      • Largest freshwater lake in India
      • Located between Krishna and Godavari deltas
      • Krishna river is fed by water from the Budameru and Tammileru streams, which are seasonal streams.
      • The Krishna River does not directly feed Kolleru Lake.
  • Kaveri: 
    • Brahmagiri near Kodagu
    • Kerala, Kar (41%), TN (56%)
    • Kabini, Bhavani, Amravati
  • Narmada:
  • Tapi:
    • Multai Betul 
  • Luni:
    • Pushkar, two branches - Saraswati and Sabarmati
    • Ephemeral river

Important Trees and their Regions:
  • Jackfruit - Artocarpus heterophyllus
    • An evergreen tree,  which means they retain their leaves throughout the year and do not shed them seasonally.
      • Evergreen trees have no definite time to shed their leaves, flowering and fruition
      • Other example of evergreen trees - Mahogani, Rosewood, aini, ebony etc.
    • Not Deciduous tree
  • Mahua: - Madhuka indica
    • Dry Deciduous tree - found in UP, BH. 
    • Tendu, Palas, Amaltas, Bel, Khair, axlewood, etc.
  • Teak (Sagaun) - Tectona grandis
    • Moist Deciduous - found in northeastern states
      • Other trees - Sal, Shisham, Hurra, mahua, Amla, Semal, Kusum, Sandalwood etc.  
    • North East India
  • Neem:
    • Thorny tree
    • Other trees - babool, ber, khair, khejdi, palas etc. 
    • Tussocky grass found
  • Rhododendron:
    • Montane tree
    • Montane forest
      • Northern and Southern montane forests
      • Northern Forests:
        • Oak and Chestnut (1000 -2000) altitude
        • Pine, Chir, Devdar, Chinar and Walnut (1500 - 1750) altitude
        • Blue Pine and Spruce (2225 - 3048) altitude
        • Silver firs, Junipers, Pines, Birch, Rhododendron etc. Lichens and Mosses (3000 - 4000) altitude
      • Southern Forests: vegetation at higher is temperate and lower is subtropical
        • Temperate - Sholas in Nilgiris, Anaimalai and Palani hills
        • Other trees - magnolia, laurel, cinchona, wattle etc. these forests are also found in Satpura and Maikal ranges.


Indian Economy:

  • Flipping - the process of transferring the entire ownership of an Indian company to an overseas entity, including the transfer of all Intellectual Property and owned by the Indian company. 

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