World Leprosy Day:
28 January
Theme (2024) - Beat Leprosy
World Neglected Tropical Disease Day:
30 January
Theme (2024) - Unite, Act, Eliminate
Commitment - Kigali Declaration of Neglected Tropical Disease 2022
INDIA- SAUDI ARABIA JOINT MILITARY EXERCISE
‘SADA TANSEEQ’
Successful diversion of Chenab River achieved at Ratle Hydro Electric Project in J&K
Kanwar Lake:
- Asia's largest fresh water oxbow lake and Bihar's only Ramsar site.
- Also known as Kabartal lake.
- It is formed due to meandering of Gandak river.
- Major stopover Asian Flyway
- 50 species documented in it.
- 5 Critically Endangered species inhabit the site.
- Red headed vulture (Sarcogyps Calvus)
- White Rumped vulture (Gyps Bengalensis)
- Indian Vulture (Gyps Indicus)
- Two waterbirds:
- Sociable Lapwing (Vanellus Gregarius)
- Baer's Pochard (Aythea Baeri)
Indus River:
- Indus:
- Bokhar Chu Glacier,
- Between Ladakh and Zanskar Range
- Gorge near Gilgit in J & K
- Shyok, Gilgit, Zanskar, Hunza, Nubra, Shigar, Gasting, Dras
- Right Bank - Khurram, Tochi, Gomal, Viboa, Sangar (All originate in the Sulaiman range)
- Jhelum:
- Verinag (Pir Panjal)
- Flows through Srinagar and Wular Lake
- Joins Chenab near Jhang in Pak
- Chenab:
- Largest tributary
- Chandra and Bhaga streams
- Ravi:
- Rohtang pass in Kullu hills
- Flows through Chamba valley
- Join Chenab in Sarai Sindhu in Pak
- Beas:
- Beas Kund near Rohtang Pass
- Flows through Kullu valley
- Forms gorges at Dhauladhar Range
- Meets Sutlej near Harike
- Satluj:
- Rakastal near Mansarovar lake, Langcheng Khambab (Tibet)
- Flows almost parallel to the Indus
- Passes through Shipki La
- Antecedent river
- Feeds canal system of the Bhakhra Nangal Project
Joshimath:
- Ganga river cuts through the Central and Lesser Himalaya in narrow gorges
- At Dev Prayag, Bhagirathi meets Alaknanda, hereafter known as Ganga
- Alaknanda, Satopanth glacier above the Badrinath
- Alaknanada, Dhauli and Vishnu Ganga meet at Joshimath or Vishnu Prayag
- Alaknanda, Pindar at Karna Prayag
- Alaknanda, Mandakini or Kali Ganga at Rudra Prayag
Yamuna River:
- Left Bank Tributaries - Hindan, Rind, Sengar, Varuna etc.
- Chambal: Origin - Mhow in Malwa Plateau, northwards, Kota - Gandhisagar dam, Badland topography
- Gandak: two steams - Kaligandak & Trsulganga, rises between Dhaulagiri and Mt. Everest, Champaran distt., Ganga near Sonpur.
- Ghaghara: Mapchachungo glacier, Tributaries - Tila, Seti, Beri
- Kosi: Forms Sapt Kosi with Arun river
- Damodar: Tributaries - Barakar
- Sarda or Saryu: rises in Milam glacier in Nepal (Goriganga), along border named Kali or Chauk where it joins Ghaghara.
Brahmaputra River:
- Left Bank - Burhi Dihing and Dhansari
- Right Bank - Subansiri (Antecedent), Kameng, Manas and Sankosh
Peninsular River:
- Mahanadi:
- Sihawa in Raipur, river basin lies (MP & Chh - 53%, Odisha - 47%)
- Left bank -
- Right Bank -
- Godavari: Nashik, Basin - MH, MP, CHH, OD, AP
- Penganga, Indravati, Pranhita, Manjra
- Krishna:
- Mahabaleswar in Sahyadri
- Koyana, Bhima, Tungabhadra
- MH (27%), KR (47%), TEL, AP
- Kolleru Lake:
- Largest freshwater lake in India
- Located between Krishna and Godavari deltas
- Krishna river is fed by water from the Budameru and Tammileru streams, which are seasonal streams.
- The Krishna River does not directly feed Kolleru Lake.
- Kaveri:
- Brahmagiri near Kodagu
- Kerala, Kar (41%), TN (56%)
- Kabini, Bhavani, Amravati
- Narmada:
- Tapi:
- Multai Betul
- Luni:
- Pushkar, two branches - Saraswati and Sabarmati
- Ephemeral river
Important Trees and their Regions:
- Jackfruit - Artocarpus heterophyllus
- An evergreen tree, which means they retain their leaves throughout the year and do not shed them seasonally.
- Evergreen trees have no definite time to shed their leaves, flowering and fruition
- Other example of evergreen trees - Mahogani, Rosewood, aini, ebony etc.
- Not Deciduous tree
- Mahua: - Madhuka indica
- Dry Deciduous tree - found in UP, BH.
- Tendu, Palas, Amaltas, Bel, Khair, axlewood, etc.
- Teak (Sagaun) - Tectona grandis
- Moist Deciduous - found in northeastern states
- Other trees - Sal, Shisham, Hurra, mahua, Amla, Semal, Kusum, Sandalwood etc.
- North East India
- Neem:
- Thorny tree
- Other trees - babool, ber, khair, khejdi, palas etc.
- Tussocky grass found
- Rhododendron:
- Montane tree
- Montane forest
- Northern and Southern montane forests
- Northern Forests:
- Oak and Chestnut (1000 -2000) altitude
- Pine, Chir, Devdar, Chinar and Walnut (1500 - 1750) altitude
- Blue Pine and Spruce (2225 - 3048) altitude
- Silver firs, Junipers, Pines, Birch, Rhododendron etc. Lichens and Mosses (3000 - 4000) altitude
- Southern Forests: vegetation at higher is temperate and lower is subtropical
- Temperate - Sholas in Nilgiris, Anaimalai and Palani hills
- Other trees - magnolia, laurel, cinchona, wattle etc. these forests are also found in Satpura and Maikal ranges.
- Flipping - the process of transferring the entire ownership of an Indian company to an overseas entity, including the transfer of all Intellectual Property and owned by the Indian company.
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